Carotid Artery Stenosis

What is it?

Carotid artery stenosis is a condition that occurs when the arteries supplying blood to your brain, called the carotid arteries, become narrowed. This narrowing is typically caused by a buildup of plaque, a fatty substance, within the artery walls. Plaque buildup, also known as atherosclerosis, is the same process that contributes to coronary artery disease and heart attacks.

Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

How is AAA Caused?

Weakening of the aortic wall due to factors like smoking, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and genetics.

Symptoms

There are usually no symptoms in the early stages. In some cases, it may cause a deep, pulsating pain in the abdomen or lower back. A ruptured AAA can cause sudden and severe pain in the abdomen or lower back, along with dizziness, nausea, and sweating.

Treatment

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure to remove the plaque
that is causing a narrowing of the carotid artery - The carotid arteries are the
main blood vessels that supply blood to the face, neck and brain.

Overview of The CEA Procedure

Before the Surgery:

Evaluation: Your doctor will thoroughly assess your health, including your medical history, risk factors, and the severity of the stenosis. This often involves tests like carotid artery ultrasound, CT scan, or angiography.
Preparation: You'll be advised on stopping certain medications, fasting beforehand, and arranging for transportation after the surgery.

During the surgery:

Anesthesia: You'll be given either general anesthesia (completely asleep) or local anesthesia with sedation (awake but numbed at the incision site).
Incision: A small incision is made on the side of your neck, exposing the carotid artery.
Plaque removal: The surgeon carefully opens the narrowed section of the artery and removes the plaque buildup.
Closure: The artery is then stitched or patched closed using a piece of graft material, and the incision is closed.

After the surgery:

Recovery: You'll typically spend 1-2 days in the hospital for monitoring and recovery.
Medications: You may be prescribed medications like blood thinners and blood pressure medications to help prevent future complications.
Follow-up: Regular checkups with your doctor will be crucial to monitor your condition and ensure proper healing.